了解抑郁症

Many people have experienced a time in their life that brought them sadness and possibly caused them to lose interest in activities that they enjoyed before. Losing a loved one, relationship problems or getting fired from a job are all experiences that may cause sadness.

在让他们失望的事情失望之后，个人暂时悲伤和暂时暂时，虽然有些人患有一个不会消失的抑郁症。抑郁症不仅仅是悲伤。这是一种精神疾病。

What Is Depression?

Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sorrow and a loss of interest in everyday activities. Depression is most often called major depressive disorder or clinical depression in the mental health field. The disorder affects how an individual feels, thinks and behaves. It can also lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems.

Depression is more than just a case of the blues. Depression can keep individuals from completing daily tasks and can make them feel like life isn’t worth living. It is common to try to cheer up a sad friend, though depression isn’t a weakness. A person cannot just overcome the disorder. Depression may require long-termtreatment。

抑郁类型

有几种不同类型的抑郁症，症状不同，导致和严重程度。以下是一些常见的抑郁形式：

Major Depression

Major depressionis a significant medical condition that can affect many areas of an individual’s life. It influences the patient’s mood, behavior and natural physical functions, such as appetite and sleep. Major depression may cause the individual to lose interest in activities that they enjoyed before and can create difficulties in performing everyday activities.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

持续抑郁症，或dysthymia, is a less severe but more chronic form of depression. While this chronic depression is not disabling, it may still prevent a person from completing their daily routines. Even though this sadness is an extended depressed mood that lasts for two years or more, persistent depression is considered a mild form of depression.

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, causes extreme mood swings that might include emotional highs and lows. When an individual becomes depressed, they may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest in most activities. When their mood shifts to mania, they may feel overjoyed, full of energy or unusually irritable.

These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, behavior and the ability to make a sound judgment. It’s sometimes difficult to distinguish between bipolar disorder and bipolar depression.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal depressionrelates to changes in seasons and reduced exposure to sunlight. The decreased amount of vitamin D from the sun links to this fairly common depression. Many individuals with SAD experience symptoms beginning in the fall and continue into the winter months. One can describe seasonal depression as a lack of energy and moodiness. Less often, SAD causes depression in the spring or early summer.

精神病Depression

Depression, or psychosis, that causes delusions or hallucinations is psychotic depression. Hallucinations could include hearing a voice telling the individual that they are not good enough or that they are worthless. Psychotic depression patients may experience delusions such as intense feelings of worthlessness or failure involving something that they are good at and other false realities.

Postpartum Depression

After giving birth, some mothers experiencepostpartum depression。This depression may occur during pregnancy or in the weeks or months after delivery.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

PMDD.涉及在整个月经周期内与激素变化相关的抑郁症状。这种抑郁症不仅仅是经常综合症的典型症状。在这种形式的抑郁症，严重情绪波动，焦虑和消极的思想面前在一个女人的时期开始前，并溶解一旦月经期开始。抑郁症状足够严重，以影响关系并干扰日常功能负面影响。

Situational Depression

Situational depression is a short-term, stress-related type of depression. It can develop after experiencing a traumatic event. Situational depression is considered an adjustment disorder. Adjusting to everyday life after a traumatic event can be challenging. Situational depression may be brought on by problems at work, school, illness, the death of a loved one, moving, relationship problems or other life-changing situations.

Atypical Depression

Atypical depression is a subtype of major depression that involves several specific symptoms, including increased appetite, ability to temporarily be cheered by happy events, excessive need for sleep, sensitivity to rejection and a heavy feeling in the arms or legs.

Symptoms of Depression

抑郁症不同于悲伤，因为它可能会在日常生活中完全消耗一个人。它持续数周，几个月，有时几年，干扰个人的工作，学校，与其他人的关系以及他们享受生活的能力。有人说抑郁症感觉就像他们里面有一个空洞，因为他们生活的生活是绝望的。

Most people who have depression do not necessarily experience every symptom of depression, and the presentation of the symptoms may vary in intensity from one individual to the next. Symptoms occur most of the day, nearly every day, and may include:

Physical signs of depression include:

• 在正常活动中丧生，如性别或爱好
• Sleep disturbances
• 疲倦和能量缺乏
• 减少食欲或增加的渴望
• Unexplained physical problems, such as pains or aches

其他症状包括：

• 悲伤的感觉,空虚or hopelessness
• Slowed thinking, speaking or bodily movements
• Feelings of worthlessness, fixating on past failures or self-blame
• Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering important details
• Angry outbursts, irritability or frustration, even over small matters
• 频繁或复发性自杀的念头

Depression can cause problems in an individual’s everyday life, including relationships with others. It is common for those with depression to begin to care less about their productivity, getting to work on time, or showing up for events that they promised to attend. Depression can take over the individual’s mind and create bigger problems due to the symptoms.

Causes of Depression

Depression does not have a specific age, gender, race, career, relationship status or financial status that it attacks. It can affect anyone at any point in their life.

与其他精神障碍一样，研究人员仍然无法确定导致抑郁症的内容。在整个开发过程中的遗传学，脑化学或神经生物学化妆，家族历史，人格，环境和社会因素都可能导致这种疾病。

How is Depression Diagnosed

There are a few tests a general practitioner may conduct if an individual has symptoms of depression before making a depression diagnosis. However, many patients may need a referral to see a mental health professional for a psychiatric evaluation. Before a clinician makes a diagnosis, they typically conduct a few tests which may include:

1. 体检：Practitioners may do a regular physical exam as well as ask questions about the patient’s health. Depression may link to an underlying physical health problem that an individual may be able to treat without psychiatric care.
2. Lab tests:If the practitioner thinks it is necessary, they may conduct physical laboratory tests to obtain a blood count or test his or her thyroid to make sure it’s functioning properly. These tests will help rule out some other physical causes of the symptoms.
3. Psychiatric evaluation:A mental health professional asks the patient about their symptoms, thoughts, feelings and behavior patterns. This evaluation may include filling out a questionnaire to help answer questions about feelings and behaviors.

精神障碍的第五版诊断和统计手册（DSM5）概述了以下标准，以诊断抑郁症，临床医生可以通过这些心理评估发现。个人必须在同一两周期间在大多数日子里经历五个或更多症状。这些症状通常包括：

• Depressed mood most of the day
• Diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the time
• 在不试图改变重量时，重量损失或体重增加
• A slowing down of thoughts and physical movement or taking longer to complete tasks
• 疲劳或能量损失
• Diminished ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
• Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation without a specific plan, a suicide attempt or a plan to commit suicide

These symptoms must cause the individual significant impairment in their social lives, work, school or other important areas of functioning to receive a diagnosis of depression.

谁面临抑郁症的风险

Depression often begins in the teens or early adulthood, but it can happen at any age. More women receive a diagnosis of depression than do men. This statistic may be due to the idea that women are more likely than men to seek treatment. Other factors include a personal or family history of othermental health disorders, such as anxiety disorder, suicide attempts, post-traumatic stress disorder or eating disorders.

Individuals have a greater risk of depression if they have experienced a serious or chronic illness, like cancer, stroke, chronic pain or heart disease. Other traumas can also be a contributing factor, such as stressful events that have occurred in the individual’s life.

These stressful events may include physical or sexual abuse, loss of a loved one, financial problems or a difficult relationship. If a person experiences anxiety, they are at high risk of developing depression.

A few other common risk factors for being diagnosed with depression include:

• Being uncertain of one’s sexuality or not being heterosexual
• 滥用酒精或非法药物
• Certain personality traits can lead to depression, such as being overly dependent, having low self-esteem and being self-critical or pessimistic
• Taking certain medications, such as some high blood pressure medications or sleeping pills

Depression Statistics

Adolescent depression is increasing at a high rate. Recent surveys conducted by the Center for Mental Health Services indicated that as many as 1 in 33 children and 1 in 8 teens deals with clinical depression.

Major depressive disorder affects approximately 14.8 million American adults or about 6.7 percent of the U.S. population in a given year. Depression disorders are更普遍在女性身上而不是男人。

近一半的人患有焦虑也有抑郁症。抑郁症的人也面临身体健康风险。他们被证明是那些没有抑郁历史来发展心脏病发作的4倍。根据国家心理健康研究所的统计，经过心脏病发作后，抑郁症的人们甚至在甚至死亡时甚至死亡。18luck新利app官网

抑郁症治疗

Commontreatment options for depressioninclude therapy and medication. Brain stimulation therapies such as Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (RTMs) may also be used in extreme cases. If someone struggles with co-occurring depression and substance abuse, treatment should address both conditions at the same time.

If you or a loved one needs help or assistance, The Recovery Village has several facilities that can help individuals receive treatment fordepression and addiction。同时体验毒品或酒精滥用和抑郁症的人可以从全国各地的一个设施中获得帮助。

如果您或亲人有抑郁和共同发生的药物滥用，打电话回收村to speak with a representative about treatment options.

医疗免责声明：恢复村旨在提高人们对物质使用或心理健康障碍的生活质量，以基于事实为基础的含量，了解行为健康状况，治疗方案及其相关结果的性质。18luck新利app官网我们发布由许可医疗专业人员进行研究，引用，编辑和审查的材料。我们提供的信息并非旨在成为专业医学建议，诊断或治疗的替代品。不应用于代替您的医生或其他合格的医疗保健提供者的建议。

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